safety study, 62

sample size

for chisquare and Fisher exact tests,

171–172

for cohort studies, 95–96

compared to power and effect size, 44–47

for comparing averages, 158

for correlation tests, 206–207

estimating, 198, 361–367

introduction to, 14

for logistic regression, 268–269

for multiple regression, 247–248

relation to confidence intervals, 130–131

for straightline regression,

230–231

for survival comparisons, 324–325

for survival regression, 346–347

sample statistic, 175

samples. See also sample size

framing, 78–79

introduction to, 9–10, 14

selecting, 33–37, 68, 78–80

types of, 80–86

sampling clusters, 83–84

sampling distribution, 38

sampling error, 34, 78

sampling frame, 78

sampling strategies, 175–176

SAP (Statistical Analysis Plan), 70

SAS (Statistical Analysis System), 54–56, 58, 110

SAS OnDemand for Academics (ODA), 55–56

SBP (systolic blood pressure)

comparing, 39

effect of drugs on, 62, 123–125

relation between weight and, 218–229

variable name of, 18